By Jeffrey R. Carlson MD, MBA, FAOOS, CPE
The integration of augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in orthopaedics and interventional pain management (IPM) have begun to revolutionize surgical procedures, enabling improved accuracy, enhanced visualization, significantly increased safety for surgical teams and patients, and more personalized patient care. Here, I’ll explore the applications and benefits of AR and AI, highlighting how they will transform surgical procedures of the future.
AR technology will transform how orthopaedic surgeons plan and perform complex surgical procedures while reducing errors. By overlaying 3D virtual models of patients’ anatomy onto real-time imaging, AR enables surgeons to visualize and evaluate the affected area with exceptional accuracy. AI algorithms, combined with AR, can analyze preoperative imaging data, and assist in determining precise incision placement, optimal implant placement and identifying critical structures. By simulating potential outcomes, surgeons can modify operative plans for outcome improvement. The heads-up displays rival those of fighter pilots and greatly assist with neck fatigue in spine surgeons.
AI algorithms, continually learning from vast databases, aid in decision-making by suggesting optimal surgical paths and providing real-time feedback during the procedure. Machine learning techniques enable the development of predictive models that can assist in the diagnosis, treatment planning, and rehabilitation of orthopaedic conditions. AI algorithms can analyze radiological images and identify subtle abnormalities, aiding in the early detection of fractures, tumors, or degenerative joint diseases.
AR and AI technologies are proving valuable in the field of orthopaedic rehabilitation. AR-based applications provide patients with interactive exercises and visual feedback, encouraging their engagement and motivating them during therapy sessions. AI algorithms can track patients’ movements, analyzing their range of motion, joint angles, and performance metrics, which enables personalized and data-driven therapy plans. Additionally, AI-powered wearable devices can monitor progress and provide real-time feedback.
Reducing intra-operative radiation exposure is another significant benefit of AR and AI technology. The average spinal surgery requires 20+ images, while hip replacement averages about 10 images. Using AR and AI, I can reduce that number to two images to complete the procedure. This benefits the patient and OR team immensely with less radiation exposure per procedure.
AR and AI may also revitalize patient engagement in orthopaedic and chronic pain education. Patients can visualize their condition using AR, while AI algorithms provide personalized education materials, considering individual characteristics, co-morbidities, and treatment preferences. By empowering patients, these technologies improve patient satisfaction, increase treatment adherence, and foster better communication between healthcare providers and patients.
While the use of AR and AI in orthopaedics and IPM shows great promise, many challenges need to be addressed. Costly technology, privacy and security concerns, regulatory approval, and the need for specialized training and infrastructure are among the key hurdles to widespread adoption. However, as technology advances and these challenges are overcome, the use of AR and AI in orthopaedics and IPM will likely become more accessible and prevalent.
Jeffrey R. Carlson, MD, is the President and Managing Partner of Orthopaedic & Spine Center in Newport News, Va. He holds a fellowship in Orthopaedic Trauma surgery and a combined Neurosurgery-Orthopaedic fellowship in complex spine surgery from Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston. osc-ortho.com
